The construction sector faces a major challenge: building in a way that not only meets today’s housing and infrastructure needs but is also future-proof. Circularity plays a key role in this transition. But what does circular construction actually mean in practice, and how is it applied in modular building projects?
What is circular construction?
Circular construction is about closing the loop of materials. Instead of the traditional cycle of build → use → demolish, circular construction focuses on designing and building in ways that preserve raw materials, resources, and energy for as long as possible. This means reuse, recycling, and extending the lifespan of buildings.
Practical applications of circularity
In practice, circular construction is applied in several ways:
1. Reusable building modules
Modular construction systems are fully demountable. This means complete residential or office units can later be relocated or reused in new projects, preserving material value and minimizing demolition waste.
2. Smart use of materials
In a controlled factory environment, materials are processed with maximum efficiency. This reduces cutting waste, and leftover materials can be immediately reused for new modules.
3. Recycling and bio-based materials
Materials such as wood, plasterboard, and metals are increasingly designed for easy disassembly and recycling. At the same time, bio-based materials such as timber and hemp insulation are gaining ground.
4. Energy-efficient buildings
Circularity is not just about materials but also energy. Buildings are often equipped with solar panels, heat pumps, and high-grade insulation to minimize energy demand and operate as efficiently as possible.
5. Flexibility and adaptability
A circular building can be repurposed when needed. A school, for example, can later be transformed into housing, or an office into a healthcare facility. This avoids unnecessary new construction and reduces raw material consumption.
Why is circular construction important?
- Lower CO₂ and nitrogen emissions
- Up to 90% less construction waste through reuse
- Lower costs in the long run
- Compliance with future regulations (The Netherlands aims for a fully circular construction sector by 2050)
Sustainable construction focuses on energy efficiency and eco-friendly materials, while circular construction emphasizes reuse, disassembly, and extending the lifespan of building materials.
Not automatically, but modular construction is an excellent fit for circularity since modules are demountable, relocatable, and reusable.
Examples include wood, steel, concrete, glass, and plasterboard. Bio-based materials are also increasingly being applied.
The initial investment can sometimes be higher, but due to reuse, reduced waste, and lower operational costs, circular buildings are often cheaper in the long run.
The Dutch government has set the target of a fully circular construction sector by 2050. This means regulations will increasingly favor circular projects.
